Principles of Nanomaterials

MATS67301 Principles of Nanomaterials 15 Semester 1 Postgraduate Taught Level 6 Daniel Engstrom Unit coordinator Department of Materials 1 FHEQ level (Framework for Higher Education Qualifications) ' Masters/Integrated Masters P4 ' European Credit Transfer & Accumulation System Rating : 7.5 Lectures will cover the following topics, using examples from the literature to exemplar concepts.  Applications will taught through case studies, including an enquiry based learning approach.Introduction to nanomaterials<ul><li>Definitions and examples of nanomaterials and nanodevices</li><li>Which properties change as the length scale reduces?</li></ul>Fundamentals of electronic structure<ul><li>History of quantum mechanics</li><li>Waveparticle duality – the de Broglie equation.</li><li>Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.</li><li>Schrodinger’s equation. Solving the time independent form, including a tutorial on a particle in a box.  Applications of the particle in a box.</li><li>Conversion of positional space to momentum space and application to common Bravais lattices (e.g. cubic, hexagonal).</li><li>Definitions of high symmetry points ( G-point k-point etc) for reciprocal lattices.</li><li>Brillouin Zone and 2D band structure diagrams in momentum space.</li><li>Bloch’s theorem (wavefunctions in solids).</li><li>Density of states for 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D materials.</li></ul>Electronic, magnetic and optical properties of nanomaterials<ul><li>Bulk vs nanoscale behaviour of semiconducting materials.</li><li>Devices and applications for 2D, 1D and 0D semiconductors.</li><li>Photovoltaic cells based on conventional p-n junctions and nanoscale materials.</li><li>Fundamental energies of magnetic materials.</li><li>Single domain magnetism in nanoscale materials.</li><li>Nanoscale magnetic devices and applications.</li><li>Bulk vs surface plasmon resonances.</li><li>Plasmonic materials engineering</li><li>Bragg reflectors and photonic crystals</li></ul>Nanomaterials synthesis and their assembly<ul><li>Spherical cluster approximation</li><li>The melting temperature for gold nanoparticles and scaling laws.</li><li>Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles</li><li>Top down versus bottom up synthesis approaches</li><li>Nanomaterial synthesis</li><li>Processing of nanomaterial into structures and devices</li></ul>Examples of application case studies include:<ul><li>Electronic conductivity in transition metal elements (Nickel and Copper)</li><li>Quantum well laser</li><li>Solar cells</li><li>Graphene Aerogels: from 2D to 3D</li></ul> Lectures will cover the following topics, using examples from the literature to exemplar concepts.  Applications will taught through case studies, including an enquiry based learning approach.Introduction to nanomaterials<ul><li>Definitions and examples of nanomaterials and nanodevices</li><li>Which properties change as the length scale reduces?</li></ul>Fundamentals of electronic structure<ul><li>History of quantum mechanics</li><li>Waveparticle duality – the de Broglie equation.</li><li>Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.</li><li>Schrodinger’s equation. Solving the time independent form, including a tutorial on a particle in a box.  Applications of the particle in a box.</li><li>Conversion of positional space to momentum space and application to common Bravais lattices (e.g. cubic, hexagonal).</li><li>Definitions of high symmetry points ( G-point k-point etc) for reciprocal lattices.</li><li>Brillouin Zone and 2D band structure diagrams in momentum space.</li><li>Bloch’s theorem (wavefunctions in solids).</li><li>Density of states for 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D materials.</li></ul>Electronic, magnetic and optical properties of nanomaterials<ul><li>Bulk vs nanoscale behaviour of semiconducting materials.</li><li>Devices and applications for 2D, 1D and 0D semiconductors.</li><li>Photovoltaic cells based on conventional p-n junctions and nanoscale materials.</li><li>Fundamental energies of magnetic materials.</li><li>Single domain magnetism in nanoscale materials.</li><li>Nanoscale magnetic devices and applications.</li><li>Bulk vs surface plasmon resonances.</li><li>Plasmonic materials engineering</li><li>Bragg reflectors and photonic crystals</li></ul>Nanomaterials synthesis and their assembly<ul><li>Spherical cluster approximation</li><li>The melting temperature for gold nanoparticles and scaling laws.</li><li>Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles</li><li>Top down versus bottom up synthesis approaches</li><li>Nanomaterial synthesis</li><li>Processing of nanomaterial into structures and devices</li></ul>Examples of application case studies include:<ul><li>Electronic conductivity in transition metal elements (Nickel and Copper)</li><li>Quantum well laser</li><li>Solar cells</li><li>Graphene Aerogels: from 2D to 3D</li></ul> The unit aims to:Provide the underlying materials science to understand the production, properties and applications of nanomaterials and devices.  The unit will include the fundamental knowledge required for the subsequent advanced courses in your course.  The unit comprises guided reading, lectures, on-line tests, problem sheets, and a case study presentation. <div> A greater depth of the learning outcomes will be covered in the following sections:</div><ul><li>Knowledge and understanding</li><li>Intellectual skills</li><li>Practical skills</li><li>Transferable skills and personal qualities</li></ul> <ul><li>Explain the concept of nanotechnology as it applies to materials</li><li>Explain the underlying physics in a range of nanomaterials.</li><li>Describe the principles of quantum mechanics.</li><li>Explain wave-particle duality.</li><li>Describe the origin of a materials electronic band structure.</li><li>Relate the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors to their band structure in both the bulk and nanoscale.</li><li>Determine the properties of magnetic nanostructures.</li><li>Distinguish between top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods</li><li>Explain how nanoparticles can be produced and assembled into devices</li><li>Identify the applications of nanomaterials and the related commercial realities.</li></ul> <ul><li>Show improved logical reasoning, problem solving and ability in applied mathematics. </li><li>Apply models to predict a materials’ behaviour and properties.</li><li>Apply the time-independent Schrodinger equation to a particle in a box and similar problems.</li><li>Describe how a given structure may be produced based upon techniques introduced in the course.</li></ul> <ul><li>Work effectively in a group to solve problems.</li></ul> <ul><li>Convert word problems into equations and numerical answers.</li><li>Develop techniques for estimating the results from calculations.</li><li>Effectively summarize complex scientific ideas.</li></ul> <div>Lectures, group tutorials (problem sessions), recommended textbooks, web resources, past exam papers, electronic supporting information (Canvas).</div> 1 Written exam 70% 2 Written assignment (inc essay) 15% 7 Oral assessment/presentation 15% Feedback given verbally and written. N <ul><li>Materials Science and Engineering - An Introduction, W. D. Callister, D. G. Rethwisch, Pub. Wiley, 2010.</li><li>Introduction to the Physics of Electrons in Solids, B. Tanner, Pub. Cambridge University Press, 1995</li><li>Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, pub Wiley, 2005.</li><li>Physics of Semiconductor Devices, S. M. Sze, Pub. Wiley 2006.</li><li>Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials, G.A. Ozin, A.C. Arsenault, L. Cademartiri, RSC, 2009</li><li>Concepts of nanochemistry, G.A. Ozin, A.C. Arsenault, RSC, 2005</li></ul> Lectures 30 0 120