Community, Memory, Identity: Reading Contemporary Arabic Literature

MEST61111 Community, Memory, Identity: Reading Contemporary Arabic Literature 15 Semester 1 Postgraduate Taught Level 7 1 FHEQ level (Framework for Higher Education Qualifications) ' Undefined ' European Credit Transfer & Accumulation System Rating : 7.5 <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">This module explores modern and contemporary Middle East and North Africa (MENA) literature in Arabic-English translation. Literary writings are spaces in which communities are (re) imagined, memories re(formed) and challenges to existing discourses about identity emerge. In diverse, and at times, contested literary traditions, the selected writers write in ways which work to move beyond polarised mediations of MENA identities and belonging, using differing stylistic techniques. Their writings inevitably change when (re) mediated in English translation, often with impactful critical and political effects. In this course, we explore 20 iconic Arabic literary works published in English translation (excerpts and longer texts), considering as we do so, the critical receptions and the politics of these works moving across differing languages and contexts. This course will draw on various analytical and theoretical perspectives on literature, including from Translation Studies. The course will appeal to students interested in Arabic and Middle Eastern studies, post/colonial, comparative and world literatures; Translation and Intercultural Studies; history, trauma, and memory studies; nation and narration; literature and place/space; gender, history, and politics. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Through the reading and discussion of selected Arabic literary texts in English translation, the course aims to introduce students to the language, style and scope of iconic works of Arabic literature as they have been published in translation The main themes of the unit are: Community, Memory and Identity in translation. In view of the great diversity of communities and literary contexts within the Middle East and North Africa, it is no surprise that literary publications by influential MENA writers about MENA communities, memories and belonging have evoked much critical engagement and debate in many fields of study. With translation being one way by which MENA writers have greatly diversified their readerships over the past decades, the need for in-depth critical study of their literary works as English translations moving across different receptions is ever more pressing. To explore more closely the significant implications of translation and reading translated works in the context of MENA literature , this unit will encourage students to think critically about the following themes of selected texts read in (and as) English translations: 1. Text/Paratext in MENA literature; 2. Traditions of translating contemporary Arabic literature into English; 3. re/reading Arabic poetry in translation 4. Dialect and regional identity across languages; 5. Culturally Specific Events and Objects in translation; 6. Arab women’s stories in English paratranslation; 7. Relocating gendered stories of war and conflict; 8. Translating stories published under censorship; 9. Exile in translation; 10. Stories as future memories 11. Arabic literature in translation as a home for ‘others’ This course is aimed at MA level scholars. No prior knowledge of Arabic is expected but there is some required secondary and primary reading. Some of the texts are first published in English but most are read in English translation, from Arabic. Depending on student request and interest, the original languages of the literary texts can be made available (Arabic, French, Kurdish) <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">1- To enhance the students’ ability to analyse literary texts. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2- To introduce the students to basic conceptual and aesthetic approaches found in translated Arabic literature. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">3- To raise the students’ critical awareness of themes and issues represented in Arabic literature of the 20th century. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">4- To enhance the students’ skills in writing academic essays in English on literature. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">5- To enhance the students’ critical writing of short ‘reflections’ on the texts with the aim of strengthening their literary analytical skills. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">6- To enhance the students’ skills in group work and presentations in a literary context. <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">By the end of this course students will be able to: <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">1- Read, show understanding, and critical appreciation of selected examples of translated Arabic literature by prominent authors.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2- Develop a conceptual framework for the understanding of major themes, concepts and ideas reflected in contemporary Arabic literature, particularly in relation to community, memory and identity <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">3- Enhance their skills in reading and appreciating Arabic literary works in translation. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">By the end of this course students will be able to: <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">1- Apply basic tools of analysis and critique to selected literary texts. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2- Writing academic essays in English on literature. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">3- Enhance their skills in writing short literary reviews in English about selected texts. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">4- Develop their skills in group work and presentation. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">By the end of this course students will be able to: <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">1- Apply critical and analytical thinking skills to close readings of literary texts to understand and reflect on political and historical arguments, cultural debates, and literary symbols. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2- Actively participate in class discussions, and the ability to work as part of a team or a group <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">3- Present written ideas clearly. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">4- Use library resources such as JSTOR and other databases and electronic journals. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">5- Apply time management skills to their studies. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transf <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">By the end of this course students will be able to: <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">1- Apply critical and analytical thinking skills to close readings of literary texts to understand and reflect on political and historical arguments, cultural debates and literary motifs <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2- Active participation in class discussions. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">3- The ability to work as part of a team or a group of students. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">4- Present written ideas clearly. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">5- Use library resources such as JSTOR and other databases and electronic journals. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word The course will develop the students’ skills in critical thinking and writing in English; enhance skills is effective verbal and written communication; the organisation of ideas in a structured and clear manner; effective time management; teamwork and the ability to express ideas clearly in front of colleagues. These skills will help the students in the job market, as future teachers, journalists, translators, workers in developmental organisations, and other cultural fields. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">The unit will be structured around the following themes: Text/Paratext + Translation/Paratranslation in MENA literature; traditions of contemporary Arabic literature in translation; Dialect and regional identity across languages; Culturally Specific Events and Items in translation; Writing and Translating Gender; Arab women’s stories in paratranslation; Relocating MENA gendered stories of war and conflict; Translating stories published under Censorship; Contexts of exile in translation; Stories as community archives of living memory These issues will be discussed in a broad range of Arabic literary texts in translation, with a focus on contemporary writers of the Middle East and North Africa, including on a carousel basis 1- Haifa Zangana (Iraq/Kurdistan); 2- Ghassan Kanafani (Palestine/Kuwait); Neghib Mahfouz (Egypt); Tayyeb Salih (Sudan); 3- Badr AlSayyab (Iraq); Mahmoud Darwish (Palestine); 4- Jokha Harthi (Oman); Betool Khedairi (Iraq); 5- Abdulrahman Munif (Saudi Arabia); Inaam Kachachi (Iraq); 6- Nawal El Saadawi (Egypt); Alia Mamdouh (Iraq); 7- Hanan Al-Shaikh (Lebanon); Ahlam Mosteghanemi (Algeria); 8- Ibrahim Koni (Libya); Zakariya Tamer (Syria); 9- Amjad Nasser (Jordan), Taher Ben Jalloun (Morocco); Mourid Barghouti (Palestine) 10- Salma Matar Seif (UAE); Bakhtiar Ali (Kurdistan Iraq) 11- Yousif M Qasmiyeh (Palestine/Lebanon); <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">11 x 2 hr lectures-seminars <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">11 x 1 hr seminars 2 Written assignment (inc essay) 100% <ul><li><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Written feedback on essay within 14 working days of submission </li><li><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">· Additional one-to-one feedback (during consultation hour or by making an appointment) </li><li><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">· Feedback on formative assessment (essay plan/outline) </li><li><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">· Final revision session and advice on the preparation for the final essay</li></ul> Y <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Al-Hassan Golley, Nawar. Reading Arab Women’s Autobiographies: Shahrazad Tells her Story (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble (N.Y.: Routledge, 2006, new edn). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Elsadda, Hoda. Gender, Nation, and the Arabic Novel: Egypt, 1892-2008 (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Foucault, Michel. Rabinow, P. (ed.) The Foucault Reader (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Husni, Ronak and Newman, Daniel L. Modern Arabic Short Stories: A Bilingual Reader (London: Saqi Books, 2008). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Jayyusi, S. K. (ed.) Modern Arabic Poetry: An Anthology (NY: Columbia University Press, 1987). <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:in 0 0 0